Investigations on the radioactive contamination of crop plants as a result of H-bomb detonation (Part 2) Root and foliage uptake of “Bikini ash”

The Foliar Uptake by Squash Plant

The radioactive ash for experimental use, hereafter referred to as “Bikini ash”, was prepared by igniting the heavily contaminated substances on board No. 5 Fukuryu Maru at about 650°C, followed by sifting through a 100 mesh sieve. On ignition some parts of the fission products, particularly iodine, ruthenium and tellurium would have possibly been lost to the air.     

Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, in the North Pacific Ocean during 1979–1998: impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions

Variability in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was examined for the autumn cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii collected with research driftnets during 1979–1998 along five longitudinal transects passing through the Subarctic, Transitional and Subtropical Domains in the North Pacific. CPUE was generally low during the period of intensive commercial driftnet fishing (1980–1992) and increased following the 1992 moratorium on the use of large-scale driftnets. However, CPUE levels were low for the cohorts hatched in 1992 and 1996 (captured in subsequent years owing to a one-year life of O. bartramii ) that experienced low sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment. Among similar-aged squid collected from 180° and 179°30'W in June, mantle lengths were significantly greater in 1997 than during 1995–96. These findings suggest that the driftnet fishery and sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment strongly affected stock abundance and possibly growth.     

华山松腐烂病发生危害与相关因子的初步研究

 调查研究表明:华山松腐烂病的发生危害与树龄、混交比、郁闭度等11方面的因子有关,将有助于华山松腐烂病发生、发展规律的研究和防治工作的开展。     

长兴岛沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物群落结构

2005年8月(夏季)的大、小潮期间和2006年3月(春季)的大、小潮期间对长兴岛沿岸进行了4个航次的浮游生物调查,共检出浮游动物47种,其中春季32种,夏季44种。浮游动物的优势类群为桡足类和浮游幼虫。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、无节幼虫为春季优势种。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、桡足类幼体、太平洋纺锤水蚤为夏季优势种。春季浮游动物的丰度、生物量及种类数均低于夏季。小潮期间浮游动物的丰度、生物量高于大潮期间。浮游动物的丰度、生物量及优势种受潮周期的影响。北部沿岸和南部沿岸浮游动物丰度、生物量较高。小型桡足类在长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构中扮演重要角色,长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构较为成熟稳定。     

水文气象因子变化对自然海区对虾早期生命的影响

利用渤海湾对虾卵子、幼体和幼虾调查资料，引用相对成活倍数的概念，并选择与对虾早期生命有因果关系的水文气象因子，通过相关分析方法分析讨论了水文气象因子变化对对虾早期生命的影响。结果表明，６￣７月盐差、５月中旬产卵场现场水温和黄河径流对对虾早期生命影响较明显。     

东北沼泽湿地土壤中氨氧化微生物活性和丰度研究

为了研究东北典型沼泽湿地——三江湿地和扎龙湿地表层土壤中氨氧化微生物的活性和丰度,采用氯酸盐抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB)和氨苄青霉素抑制氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)以及荧光定量PCR的方法,分析了生长季和非生长季氨氧化微生物的活性和丰度的关系。结果表明:在不同类型的湿地土壤中,pH值显著地影响湿地土壤中氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)的潜在氨氧化活性(Potential ammonia oxidation activity,PAO)(P0.01)。AOA的丰度值与PAO_(AOA+AOB)呈显著正相关(r=0.96,P0.05),而与PAO_(AOA)不存在相关性(P0.05)。三江湿地的毛苔草和小叶章土壤中的PAO_(AOA+AOB)、PAO_(AOA)、AOA丰度与AOB丰度,并无显著差异。研究表明植被的差异并没有影响土壤中氨氧化微生物的潜在氨氧化活性以及氨氧化微生物的丰度,但在抑制AOB活性之后毛苔草土壤中的PAO出现了显著的下降(P0.05),表明AOB在毛苔草土壤中的氨氧化过程中发挥着重要作用。     

果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响

为研究果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响并寻找有价值的蛋白质分子水平上的差异,分别在光照和黑暗条件下采用果胶酶处理铜绿微囊藻,获取藻细胞全蛋白。采用SDS-PAGE电泳分离藻细胞全蛋白,比较光照和黑暗条件下的藻蛋白表达差异。结果显示,一类分子量约42ku的蛋白丰度存在显著差异,光照条件是果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻起抑制作用的一个敏感条件。MALDI串联飞行时间质谱仪分析和SwissPort数据库检索结果表明,该蛋白为功能未知的新蛋白且与真核生物actin蛋白有可信的匹配分值。     

枯草芽孢杆菌TR21 可湿性粉剂对香蕉根际土壤微生物的影响

为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌TR21可湿性粉剂施用对香蕉根际土壤微生物的影响,采集TR21可湿性粉剂处理和清水对照不同种植时期的香蕉根际土样10份,分别提取各土壤总DNA,采用PCRDGGE、主条带回收、基因克隆和序列测定分析的方法,比较不同处理根际土壤微生物组成差异。结果表明:与未种植香蕉的土样相比,香蕉种植初期,对照土样的物种丰富度S值和多样性指数H值均下降,但经TR21处理的土壤S值增加、H值变动不大;香蕉种植中期,对照土壤的S值和H值上升,达到未种植时的数值,但经TR21处理的土壤S值持续增加、H值下降;随着种植时间的推移直至有香蕉枯萎病发病时,对照和TR21处理土壤的S值持续增加、H值持续下降,但经TR21处理的发病植株和健康植株的根际S值均大于对照、H值均小于对照;对差异条带鉴定及主条带回收和测序分析后均发现,TR21处理后根际土壤的芽孢杆菌增多。说明用枯草芽胞杆菌TR21可湿性粉剂灌根处理香蕉,可以提高香蕉根际土壤微生物的S值,并引起根际芽孢杆菌数量增加。     

Spatial abundance patterns and recruitment of a virus‐affected commercial mollusc fishery

Infectious pathogens figure prominently among those factors threatening marine wildlife. Mass mortality events caused by pathogens can fundamentally alter the structure of wild fish stocks and depress recruitment rates and yield. In the most severe instances, this can precipitate stock collapses resulting in dramatic economic losses to once valuable commercial fisheries. An outbreak of a herpes‐like virus among commercially fished abalone populations in the south‐west fishery of Victoria, Australia, during 2006–2007, has been associated with high mortality rates among all cohorts. Long‐term records from fishery‐independent surveys of blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach) enabled abundance from pre‐ and post‐viral periods to be analysed to estimate stock density and biomass. The spatial distribution of abundance in relation to physical habitat variables derived from high‐resolution bathymetric LiDAR data was investigated. Significant differences were observed in both measures between pre‐ and post‐viral periods. Although there was some limited evidence of gradual stock improvement in recent years, disease‐affected reefs have remained below productivity rates prior to the disease outbreak suggesting a reduction in larval availability or settlement success. This was corroborated by trends in sublegal sized blacklip abalone abundance that has yet to show substantial recovery post‐disease. Abundance data were modelled as a function of habitat variables using a generalised additive model (GAM) and indicated that high abundance was associated with complex reef structures of coastal waters (<15 m). This study highlights the importance of long‐term surveys to understand abalone recovery following mass mortality and the links between stock abundance and seafloor variability.